A.P. Lawrence

This article is from a FAQ concerning SCO operating systems. While some of the information may be applicable to any OS, or any Unix or Linux OS, it may be specific to SCO Xenix, Open Desktop or Openserver.

There is lots of Linux, Mac OS X and general Unix info elsewhere on this site: Search this site is the best way to find anything.

Printing FAQ

How do I do Transparent or pass-through printing (slave printing)?

Many terminals, and just about all terminal emulators, have the ability to do "local" printing. It's sometimes called "transparent printing" or "pass-through", but the idea is that if the terminal sees a special key sequence, it will start sending the data out some other port (parallel or serial) until it sees some sequence that tells it to stop.

In general terms, it's a lousy way to print. If you can possibly do this any other way, you'll be much better off.

If you have an intelligent multiport card serving these terminals, the vendor may have provided a way to make this better (still not great, but definitely much better). Digiboard, for example, creates transparent print devices that match your tty id's- if you have terminals /dev/ttyb01 through /dev/ttyb16, you also have /dev/prb01 through /dev/prb16, and as long as you have told the Digiboard driver what escape sequence will start and stop the printing (common terminal types like ansi and wyse60 are configurable by name), the driver will do a nice job of handling this for you: anything directed at those "pr" ports will get printed.

If you don't have something like this, you use commands like "lprint" (SCO OSR5) or you wrap your data in the start-stop sequences yourself. You can find the start-stop sequences in /etc/termcap: PN is the sequence to start local print; PS is the sequence to stop. For example, if you look at the vt100 entry, you'll see:

:PN=\E[5i:PS=\E[4i:\

That means that to start local printing on a vt100 terminal (or any ansi emulator) you'd echo an ESCAPE (ascii 27) followed by the characters "[5i". You'd then send the stuff to be printed, and stop with ESCAPE-[4i. You could also use "tput prtr_on" and "tput prtr_off" to send the codes if they are defined in terminfo.

But again, before you do this, consider your other choices: if this is a printer on a Windows network, both Visionf and Samba can treat that as a Unix printer. Or, there are Windows LPD programs that allow Windows to be treated as an LPD server ( see /Reviews/alphacom3.html for one).

If this is Windows with an emulator, the emulation software will either use the "default" Windows printer or will let you specify which printer to use. You may not be able to use the so-called "Windows" printers - the ultra-cheap things that are so common nowadays but that require tremendous support from drivers.

If it is a real terminal, the auxiliary printer port may be serial or parallell. If it just says "AUX", it's serial.

Debug this stuff by putting the appropriate codes into a file you can "cat". Put in the start code, some text, and the stop code. You can use Vi for this: to enter characters like ESC, hit CTRL-V first. So, to enter ESC [ 4 i in vi, you would type:

i (enter insert mode)
Ctrl-V  (want to enter control character)
ESCAPE  
[
4
i
ENTER
ESC (end insert mode)

Your whole session might be (keys shown on separate lines for clarity; don't press ENTER unless shown)

vi mytest
i
CTRL-V 
ESCAPE 
[ 
5 
i 
ENTER
This will be printed
ENTER
CTRL-V
ESCAPE
[
4
i
ESCAPE
:
w
q 
ENTER

Cat that file, and you should print the text. If it prints on the screen, the start codes are wrong. If it never stops going to the printer, the stop codes are the problem. If nothing at all happens, the codes are probably right but something is wrong at the printer interface.

You may also have problems with flow control or the amount of data sent. Some of the products like Digi allow you to control how much print data is sent in each burst.

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See also http://www.anzio.com/support/whitepapers/printguide.htm and Terminals

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